Abstract:
In an era marked by uncertainty and division, the belief in the inherent goodness of humanity is often questioned. Yet, this paper argues for the existence of the common good—a concept rooted in biology, relational obligations, and politics. Drawing from philosophical, biological, and historical perspectives, the paper explores the common good’s foundations and manifestations throughout human history. From Aristotle to modern philosophers like Locke and Rousseau, various definitions of the common good have emerged, all emphasizing its role in fostering societal well-being. Biologically, humans share common responses to stimuli, suggesting a basis for collective interests. Despite objections, such as disparities in individual experiences, evidence from history and evolutionary biology supports the existence of a common good that transcends personal preferences. Relational obligations further underscore the existence of the common good. Individuals are born into societies that provide benefits and thus have an obligation to contribute back. Reciprocity, inherent in human interactions, reinforces this obligation, reflecting societal values and promoting mutual benefit. In politics, the common good is pursued through policies aimed at benefiting society as a whole. While challenges like political deadlocks exist, the continual engagement of citizens indicates a shared commitment to the common good’s realization. Ultimately, the common good is integral to human society, offering hope amidst contemporary divisions. This essay presents a comprehensive justification for its existence, highlighting its role in shaping human development and guiding societal progress.
Main Author: William Shi
Co-authors: N/A
Research Paper Type: Political Philosophy Paper
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